It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg-marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1839 times greater than that of the electron. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. It is the second-most abundant halogen (after fluorine) and twenty-first most abundant chemical element in Earth’s crust.Ī neutron is one of the subatomic particles that make up matter. Because of its great reactivity, all chlorine in the Earth’s crust is in the form of ionic chloride compounds, which includes table salt. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.Įlectron configuration of Chlorine is 3s2 3p5. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Chlorine is 17. The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. 36Cl is produced in the atmosphere by spallation of 36 Ar by interactions with cosmic ray protons. Trace amounts of radioactive 36Cl exist in the environment, in a ratio of about 7×10 −13 to 1 with stable isotopes. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 hour, many less than one second.Ĭhlorine-35 is composed of 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons.Ĭhlorine-37 is composed of 17 protons, 20 neutrons, and 17 electrons.Ĭhlorine-36 is composed of 17 protons, 19 neutrons, and 17 electrons. These are its only two natural isotopes occurring in quantity, with 35Cl making up 76% of natural chlorine and 37Cl making up the remaining 24%.The longest-lived radioactive isotope is 36Cl, which has a half-life of 301,000 years. Main Isotopes of ChlorineĬhlorine has two stable isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Chlorine are 35 37. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.įor stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons in its nucleus.
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